Behavior analysis is gaining increasing acceptance as a viable form of treatment for persons who experience brain injuries. Part of this appeal is based on the functional skills training approach that behavior analysis assumes. In addition, a number of persons who have experienced brain injury demonstrate behavior disorders that challenge programming and the return to independent and self-sufficient lifestyles. Many behavioral techniques are highly effective in increasing desirable but infrequently occurring behaviors or decreasing aberrant behaviors. Unfortunately, many rehabilitation programs are embracing the concepts of behavioral technology in a non-rigorous manner. This can result in misapplied or ineffectively used procedures, to the detriment of both clients and the discipline. Thus, one purpose of this book is to present guidelines for the application of some of the basic principles of behavior analysis in brain injury rehabilitation (e.g., positive reinforcement, time out, extinction, etc.), which are the building blocks for more advanced concepts, such as social skills training, complex skill building, and, ultimately, personal empowerment. in addition, the book discusses environments, systems, personal orientation, and other topics that are critical in any type of rehabilitation program.